Research by the ADL Center for Tech & Society (CTS) found that the term ‘false flag’ ranked as the second most popular term on Reddit in a sample of conversations about the antisemitic Boulder attack and the fifth most popular following the D.C. Capitol Jewish Museum attack.

On social media and gaming platforms, hate and harassment thrive in closed online spaces, which lack the visibility and accountability of more open or public ones.

Artificial intelligence is rapidly reshaping how people consume and trust information—including what books they read. Amazon, the world’s largest bookseller, uses Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate short, snappy summaries of customer reviews. While this may be useful when applied to bedsheets or kitchen appliances, applying AI to book reviews—without human oversight—is proving to be deeply problematic. We found that AI-generated reviews are promoting books that…

 Co-produced with Builders For Tomorrow  Executive SummaryADL research shows that four leading LLMs, particularly Llama, display bias against Jews and Israel. LLM bias in other areas has already been highlighted; this report provides the most comprehensive evaluation to date of anti-Jewish and anti-Israel bias in major LLMs—GPT (OpenAI), Claude (Anthropic), Gemini (Google), and Llama (Meta).     In 2025 and beyond, the importance of large language model (LLM)…

Co-produced with Builders For Tomorrow Executive Summary ADL has identified extensive issues with antisemitic and anti-Israel bias on Wikipedia in multiple languages. These issues include 1) a coordinated campaign to manipulate Wikipedia content related to Israel, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and similar issues, in which a group of editors systematically evade Wikipedia’s rules to shift balanced narratives toward skewed ones, spotlighting criticism of Israel and downplaying…

by Dr. Kat Schrier, Professor and Director of Games & Emerging Media at Marist University  29 min read Executive Summary This report shows there was hate and harassment in about half of the online multiplayer game sessions that ADL asked a group of participants to play using a range of religious, ethnic, and national identities.  Previous research by ADL and others has repeatedly suggested that online games are spaces where hate and harassment are rampant; we set out to…

Executive summaryFalse and misleading election narratives are surging on social media platforms in the lead up to the US presidential election. Since 2022, at least three major platforms have weakened their rules against disseminating election misinformation. Of these, X/Twitter also appears to have rolled back enforcement against hateful election misinformation.    Ahead of this election, a flood of narratives has surged rehashing antisemitic tropes and pushing anti-immigrant…

Executive Summary Platforms are still failing to take action on antisemitic hate reported through regular channels available to users. Researchers at the ADL Center for Technology and Society (CTS) tested how well five major platforms enforced their policies against hateful content in two areas: antisemitic conspiracy theories and the term “Zionist” used as a slur.    Most platforms only took action when ADL escalated the reports through direct channels, and even…

12 min read Executive Summary          Most tech companies have rules against hate and harassment. But until a new law in California was enacted in 2022, they had not been accountable to the American public for enforcing them. The law that could change all this, California AB 587, requires social media companies over a certain size to publish their terms of service, including key definitions of terms, and report regularly on how they are adhering to their policies…

18 min read Executive SummaryA group of moderators, who were struggling to cope with antisemitism in their communities on the social media platform Reddit, reached out to the ADL Center for Technology and Society (CTS) for support. Following engagement with Reddit—based on research into these moderators’ experiences—the platform took several important steps to support these moderators and stem instances of antisemitism on the site.  Some of these steps include:  …

ADL interviews content creators about their experiences with harassment in their comment sections and frustrations with the moderation tools available to them

ADL's 2024 survey shows online hate and harassment statistics for adults and teens, with data, analysis, and policy recommendations for tech companies and government.

Read Time: 54 mins Executive SummarySome Facebook groups in local communities have become toxic sites of harassment, particularly identity-based harassment against Jews, women, LGBTQ+ advocates, immigrants, and people of color.  ADL has investigated online hate and harassment occurring on Facebook groups or pages in three local regions through interviews with community members, targets, and regional directors, combined with online observation, content review, and quantitative data…

With recent ADL research showing that 15% of adults and 9% of young people have been exposed to white supremacist ideology while playing online games, ADL has examined three leading game companies’ policies to see how they prohibit content that promotes extremism and terrorism in their online multiplayer games. Despite widespread exposure to such content, game companies have generally been slower than social media companies to address this issue. ADL recommends that…

ADL Center for Tech and Society's 2023 Online Games Survey shows millions of gamers continue to experience harassment and hate while they play.